By Obiotika Wilfred Toochukwu
It does no one any good to dissimulate or dissemble our feelings in a bid to hide or escape the present-day realities in the lives of citizens all over the world. Yes, there is high inflation, food insecurity all over the world but the case in Africa and Nigeria in particular calls for serious concern and attention.
The level of hardship and hunger witnessed in Nigeria in recent times has never been imagined nor occurred to anybody as something that would come to be.
Hardship, hunger and poverty are major social determinants of
health, and they have a significant impact on mental health. We may not take
main cognizance of people who are already mentally challenged, but healthy
individuals who suffer lack and want are likely to be depressed due to
discrimination and isolation.
Due to the hardship in the country, a lot of people see food and
medicare in their dreams and not having food, means of transportation are great
stressors which can cause depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress
disorder (PTSD).
Hardship which comes in the form of financial insecurity,
unemployment, homelessness, discrimination, violence can lead to depression,
anxiety or sleep problems. People who are struggling to make ends meet may
worry about how to pay for rent, food and other necessities, lose hope and turn
to beggars.
Moreover, beggars lack access to basic hygiene, sanitation
facilities, and medical care which could lead to illnesses, infections and the
spread of diseases.
Beggars often face social stigma and discrimination, which can
contribute to their isolation and make it difficult for them to access support
or opportunities for improvement. Begging makes it difficult to break free from
the cycle of poverty. The ability to seek sustainable solutions such as
education, employment or social support systems is completely hindered from
them.
Hitherto, begging does not only attract sympathy or elicit empathy
from kind-hearted individuals, it also has economic implications for a decent
society. It would not only affect tourism; it would also limit visitation to
places where beggars often flock.
Besides, depression is a socio-economic disease. It is on record
that patients with clinical depression experience mood disorder when they
suffer lack and want. A test with Baboons in Kenya in 1920s showed that
displaced baboons who lack food and space are usually depressed and stressed.
Financial stress is a major cause of depression and anxiety
disorder. Inequality is one of the drivers of mental health crisis and there is
a link between mental health and money. Going into a recluse, withdrawal,
avoiding social functions, church attendance are various reactions of our
mental state which could be detrimental.
On the same note, ‘Japa’ is already a syndrome in Nigeria and
‘Sapa’ is a mental condition. The grass is not green in Nigeria making citizens
unduly stressed with 35,000 minimum wage which is less than $50 and the
government does not show any sign or readiness to remedy the ugly situation.
Not being able to meet financial goals whether monthly or annually creates
shame, guilt and discouragement.
The mind and body are connected when it comes to stress and
anxiety. Nowadays, we pay very high rate, amount for fuel, gas, electricity,
education, transportation etc. and this definitely impacts our mental health.
On June 29, 2018, ‘Psychiatric Times’ had classified inequality and poverty as
social determinants of mental health.
Furthermore, hunger is a lack of access to enough food to meet
basic needs. A recent CDC study on food insecurity in America found that food
insecurity is associated with 257% higher risk of anxiety and 253% higher risk
of depression.
Several nutritional deficiencies such as vitamin B12, B9 (folate),
and zinc, can cause symptoms of depression and dementia such as low mood, fatigue,
cognitive decline, and irritability. Letters on poverty, hardship, food
insecurity even write-ups about helpless Nigerians condition flooded the media
starting from 2015 to the present era signifying that a dark cloud has covered
the prosperity of the nation plunging the citizens to untold hardship and
suffering.
Suffering has a place in religion whereby the hope of recovery
gives whoever is going through ‘hell’ the possibility of a life in paradise or
a glorious life in the golden city – Heaven. Yet, suffering impacts our
worldview, mental health depending on the nature and cause of suffering.
Convincingly, someone may think or believe that there is nothing
wrong with the government in Nigeria owing to high inflation all over the world
but such views could be likened to ‘Plato’s Allegory of the Cave’. The allegory
imagines a group of people chained together inside an underground cave as
prisoners.
Nigeria has never had it so divided, depraved, deprived and
disgruntled as in the present time. This is so because by tackling the root
causes of poverty and inequality, societies can work towards healthy living and
high productivity from the citizenry.
Going to the university is good, starting a small business is
wonderful but there is no guarantee of a successful outcome in recent times. 40
per cent of Nigerians go into debt after marriage (wedding), childbirth, burial
etc. which affects mental health. Experts have stated that 25 per cent of
Nigerians suffer mental health issues.
Mental
health is a social issue and the community and government must liaise to
provide enabling support to the mentally challenged. Mental health problems
cost UK government £117.9 billion in a year.
In addition, people living below the poverty line are three to
four times likely to have mental problems. Testimonies from suicide survivors
attest to the fact that they felt forsaken, unaided and abandoned. Poverty is a
social and economic issue according to World Bank and one sixth of the world
population live in poverty.
Poverty causes clinical depression, psychological problems and
behavioural disorders. Poverty in children while growing up as well as stress
and trauma affect children’s ability for positive thinking. Lack of support and
access to resources in general affect mental health.
The most vulnerable segment of the population, children and women
are severely affected by poverty. Even though African women are emotionally and
mentally stronger, they still pass through a whole lot because they could not
afford their best life due to poverty especially while performing their role as
mothers.
Again, poverty is a multidimensional problem affecting the social,
economic and cultural aspects of life. Clinical depression and cognitive
decline are the outcome of poverty in the elderly. Poverty exacerbates
circumstances of stress, anxiety, family stress, and depression.
Women from poor families have high rate of depression and low
self-esteem as well as elevated rate of suicide and substance abuse. According
to ‘Psychology Today’, poverty decreases social support and having the
emotional support of friends and family helps people cope with difficult
situations in their lives. Poverty does not just affect human beings but
animals as well.
In conclusion, mental health issues are common but they don’t have
to be inevitable. Several interventions in the health system and the economy
can help to salvage, prevent and control emerging trends.
Some causes of mental health problems include; child abuse,
trauma, neglect, social isolation, loneliness, discrimination, stigma, racism,
poverty, debt, bereavement, severe stress etc. Citizens can help themselves by
being financially responsible which gives happiness. It’s not about how much we
have but how much we can keep.
Do not always focus on the display and activities on the social
media. One can start journaling to record events and situational assessment.
This may help to limit mindless spending. Your physical health and mental
health will always benefit from how you manage your money.
The rate of influence of your financial situation (security,
freedom) on your mental health cannot be over-emphasised. They are known as
triggers to issues as anxiety and depression. Having a budget to determine how
much you have and how to spend it is very important. One can still venture into
digital businesses in the face of rising high prices. Money management is a
psychology.
The effects of hardship, hunger and poverty on mental health can
be far-reaching. They can impact a person’s ability to function at work, school
and in their relationships. By addressing the social determinants of health,
making mental health services more accessible and affordable, we can create a
society where everyone has the opportunity to thrive and live a mentally
healthy life.
*Toochukwu
is a commentator on public issues
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