By Owei Lakemfa
The scenario has various strands of familiarity. I mean the military coup of Wednesday, August 30, 2023 that removed Gabonese President Ali Bongo Ondimba. An elected African dictator in a well-fortified Presidential Palace finds his palace has become his prison. It is like the fish realising that the water it is swimming in is boiling.
The Praetorian Guards who swore an oath to defend him even if it means losing their lives, are the same arrow head of the coup. The coup leader is, of course, the Head of the Presidential Republican Guard who only yesterday saluted the President, and today, he is the Head of State with the President as his Prisoner-in-Chief. The new Head of State, His
Excellency, General Brice Clothaire Oligui Nguema, is of course the cousin of
the deposed President. Former President Bongo and his late father, Omar Bongo,
had ruled the country for 56 years, now his cousin takes over to continue the
extended family line. Meanwhile, the masses who are impoverished in a country
so rich, take to the streets in celebration of Bongo’s ouster. In fact, their
newest boss is carried on the streets being tossed into the air. One dictator
goes, another comes; heads of state come and go, but the Presidential Palace
remains to welcome its latest tenant.
It is difficult at this time to say why the coup was
executed, but suffice it to say, Bongo, who is now wailing in his presidential
prison, is sick, has had at least a stroke which makes it difficult for him to
even stand, has obviously over-stayed his welcome in office, and is a serial
election rigger. It is inconceivable that a man who claims to have secured
64.27 per cent of the votes on the eve of the coup, has nobody to stand up for
him. So rather than appeal to the two thirds of the nation’s voters who allegedly
gave him a renewed seven-year presidential mandate, he appeals to his foreign
friends to make loud “noise” on his behalf.
The succession from Bongo the
President to Nguema, the cousin, reminds me of a similar situation in 1979
involving another set of Nguemas. That scenario was in Equatorial Guinea when
on August 3, 1979, President Francisco Macias Nguema, in his eleventh
year in power, was overthrown by his nephew, Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo.
Unlike the Gabonese one we are witnessing, that in Equatorial Guinea was bloody
as Macias Nguema put up a stiff resistance before he was captured trying to
flee to Cameroun. He was sentenced to death and executed on September 29, 1979
by firing squad.
Macias Nguema had ruled the
country without any challenge by declaring he is God. In 1993, Mbasogo also
declared himself as God. Then in July 2003, about a quarter of a century after
his coup, state radio informed the populace that President Mbasogo was now the
“country’s God…with all power over men and things”. You will consider this
lunacy, but there are many African leaders that are on the verge of lunacy
otherwise, how can a man steal so much like Mobutu Seseseko did in the
Democratic Republic of Congo and Bongo in Gabon, that people wonder who was richer,
the President or the country?
The reaction of the
international community was also predictable: condemnation of the coup. The
European Union went further to say its foreign ministers meeting Spain would
discuss the Gabonese coup and a similar one on July 26, in Niger to fashion out
a response. What exactly is their business? This is the same club whose
members colonised Africa, are exploiting it, making development virtually
impossible, and coups on the continent, attractive.
The African Union, AU, which
like most of Europe refused to condemn the coup in Chad, has condemned the one
in Gabon. Perhaps what the AU and the Economic Community of West African
States, ECOWAS, need to do is not so much to bemoan the spate of military coups
in Africa which include those of Egypt, Sudan, Mali, Burkina Faso, Guinea,
Chad, Niger and now, Gabon, but to take steps to stop new ones. First, it will
be wishful thinking that there would be no new coups on the continent, and it
will be myopic not to see that some countries may be ripe for coups. Who
would be surprised if a coup uproots Cameroun’s Paul Biya who has been in power
for 41 years, is visibly sick, would not allow open elections, represses
opposition, throws perceived enemies into prison and is grossly incompetent as
a leader?
I will not be surprised if a
coup removes Alassane Ouattara of Cote d’Ivoire who was imposed as President by
the bayonets of French soldiers on December 4, 2010. After the constitutional
two terms in office, he changed the constitution to give himself a third
term, killed dozens of his countrymen who protested his coup against the
country’s constitution, and awarded himself 94 per cent of the October 2020
votes. I will not be shocked if Oatara’s side- kick, Macky Sall of
Senegal who was forced to back down from attempts to impose himself as the
unconstitutional third term President only after shedding the blood of the
innocent, leads his country to the coup path. If this were to happen, a
main regret I will have is that Senegal, the only country in West Africa that
has never been ruled by the military, would have joined the coup circle.
We may shout against coups, but
democracy would be unsustainable if it does not translate to dividends for the
people and does not lead to development. It is only if it does, and the people
can assert their sovereignty over all powers, that the citizenry would be
willing to defend democracy if it comes under attack. To me, the main challenge
the AU has is to re-assess a system of democracy which emphasises elections
that are almost always flawed, in which the winner takes all, the poor is
repressed, minorities are grinded into the dust and the people have no power or
sovereignty over those in government. Serious peoples have their own system of
democracy that takes into consideration their culture and tradition,
peculiarities and interests.
We need a democratic system in
which the power of the state cannot subjugate the power of the people. We need
to work out and build an African Democracy just as Europeans and their North
American first cousins established Western Democracy and the Chinese
conceptualised their democracy or socialism with “Chinese characteristics”. We
should not forget the 1962 admonition of President John Fitzgerald
Kennedy that: “Those who make peaceful revolution impossible will make violent
revolution inevitable.”
*Lakemfa is a commentator on public issues
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