By Nnimmo Bassey
To say that Nigeria is being stolen is an understatement. It is a sordid situation. Shocking stories from the oil and gas sector continue to hit the news. Rather than being numbed by the monstrous pillaging of the nation, Nigerians should wake up to the wake-up call, especially in an election season.
By some deft choreography, the blame
for the stealing and pollution in the oil field communities of the Niger Delta
has been deflected to the poor communities.
This devious deflection has been so successful that the Petroleum Industry Act (PIA), which has the fingerprints of multinational oil companies all over it, criminalizes communities and holds them up as being responsible for interferences that may occur on oil facilities in their territories.
This is unambiguously read in Section 257 subsections 2 and 3 of
the PIA. The same Act gives the oil companies the sole right of determining who
a host community is and grudgingly accedes to extending a mere 3 per cent of
the companies’ operational cost to the communities.
The meagre 3 percent is to be administered by a board dominated by
the oil companies’ nominees for community projects. The same 3 percent, by the
Act, is to be forfeited by the communities in the event of damage and sabotage
to oil facilities or production.
At a time
when the nation is in dire need of revenue and when it should be investing in
renewable energy, 30 percent of the profit from oil enterprise is to be spent
in a futile search for new oil reserves.
With no divestment policy in place, polluting oil companies have “divested”
from their onshore and other acreages, selling them off to their local cronies.
With these moves, companies like Shell, Exxon, and Chevron plot to shrug off
their historical and current despoliation of the Niger Delta environment. This
they do know that the new “owners” would lift no finger to clean up the mess
from the decrepit facilities and pipelines they are inheriting.
Whenever there is an oil spill incident, fingers are pointed at amorphous third
parties in what is popularly termed sabotage. Meanwhile, a good blowout like
the one at Ororo-1 has been raging since April 2020 off the coast of Awoye in
Ondo State with no respite in sight.
The notorious blowout at Aiteo’s well 1 on Santa Barbara River in
Nembe raged for six weeks in 2021, spewing probably over 500,000 barrels of
crude oil onto the environment before it was stemmed. No cleanup has been
carried out to date. We are a people fully at home with pollution!
Recent
statements by those who should know better, suggest that between 400,000 and
1,000,000 barrels of crude oil are stolen daily. However, these are just
recycled figures from years ago as in actuality, the nation does not have
accurate figures of how much crude is pumped daily in the country. Not
surprising. There is no agreement over how much refined petroleum products are
imported into the country, making room for humongous petrol subsidies to be
paid endlessly.
The imaginary figures of stolen crude have been in circulation for
years. In 2012 the minister of finance under the President Jonathan
administration told the Financial Times of London that 400,000 barrels of crude
oil were stolen daily.
The current Minister of State for Petroleum Resources has recently
quoted the same figures. A former governor of Delta State opined that as
much oil as was officially exported was also being stolen. It has been
known that crude oil is being stolen at an industrial scale in the Niger Delta.
The narrative has been that the stealing is done by operators of illegal
refineries. However, those refineries could not refine 400,000 barrels of crude
oil per day. Clearly, this is fiction. Those illegal refineries have thrived
and become critical suppliers of refined petroleum products in the country
today as the four government-owned refineries remain either comatose or on life
support. Meanwhile, the old but brand new Nigerian National Petroleum Company
is staking its hope of meeting national petroleum products needs on a private
refinery operating from an economic free zone.
A
zone has been appropriately termed “enclaves of exception” in the book Enclaves
of Exception: Special Economic Zones and Extractive Practices in Nigeria by
Omolade Adunbi. In fact, we need to be told how the NNPC managed to pay for 20
per cent shares in the Dangote refinery.
We have heard sordid tales and seen utterly despoiled
environments, but the official declaration that a 4 kilometres pipeline was
built in the ocean and illegally operated for 9 years without being detected
deserves the NNLG literature prize.
Who can explain how a pipeline of that length and quality could be
installed without being detected? And how could it have been operated for nine
whopping years without being detected? Not the Ministry of Petroleum Resources
and its NNPC and the then DPR; not NOSDRA nor the transnational oil companies;
not the Navy nor the Joint Military Task Force detected it? Certainly, half the
story has not been told.
The immediate solution may well be to shut down the sector completely and spend
some time in soul searching and repentance. Does it not put a lie to the
official insistence that the petroleum sector is the lifeline of the nation’s
economy? Or that the energy need of the nation would only be met by continued
extraction of crude oil? The series of exposés we read these days, including
that of the stealing of natural gas, clearly show that the nation faces a grave
future and that something must be done immediately.
Today, we
are told that our oil revenue is not enough to service the nation’s external
debt. At the same time, the NNPC is declaring profits! Perhaps, economists will
tell us that the company is a private enterprise distinct from what it was
previously and distinct from the government.
Really? It must only be in Nigeria that a public company of
doubtful efficiency would metamorphose into a private company and hopes to have
a dramatic difference using the same staff and possibly the same tools that had
run a very opaque business.
Oil theft has not only polluted our environment, but it has also polluted our
national politics. It has impoverished our people and so polluted our
consciences that thieves are celebrated as heroes while the poor in their
struggle to fish in polluted waters or to farm in polluted soils are labelled
villains.
With revelations of the stealing of the nation pouring daily into the airwaves,
it is time to switch on and not switch off the mic. And when the time to vote
for the next set of leaders comes, it will be a huge shame if we play the game
of musical chairs.
This is the time to hold the Niger Delta Manifesto for Ecological
Transformation before the eyes of office seekers or holders. Our recovery from
the horrendous happenings in the oil sector will be assured through a conscious
focus on righting the wrongs that have been visited on the people, our society,
and our environment.
*Bassey is a commentator on public
issues
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