By Cheta Nwanze
It has been well acknowledged that primary school education is the foundation of individual and national development. The skills learned at that level are the base on which the capacity for future economic productivity is built. Primary School Education takes up the first six years of Nigeria’s nine-year Basic Education Curriculum which seeks to give every child resident in Nigeria an adequate foundation for a successful and productive life.
The nine-year Basic Education Curriculum covers 10 subjects: Mathematics; Basic Science and Technology; English Studies; Religion and National Values; Cultural and Creative Arts; Business Studies; Nigerian Languages; Pre-vocational Studies; French and Arabic.
In
addition to these technical skills, primary school education is also a vital
component of the socialisation structure that looks to teach children the
socially acceptable norms, beliefs, values, and behaviours that they are
expected to align with for successful integration into society.
This
means that whenever children are deprived of quality primary school education,
they are at risk of having a damaged foundation that exposes them to the
likelihood of lifelong technical and social incompetence that impairs their
chances of achieving adequate integration into the family, workplace, and
society as a whole and if a significant portion of a society’s children are
deprived of proper primary school education, then the society itself is likely
to eventually pay a high social and economic cost.
With this
in mind, it becomes easier to grasp the importance of the statistic that says
that 20 per cent of the world’s out-of-school children are in Nigeria. Primary
education in Nigeria is compulsory and is officially free in public schools but
UNICEF data says that something approaching 20 million Nigerian children
between the ages of five and 14 years are out of school. These figures become
even scarier when you take the data from the NBS’s Multiple Indicator Cluster
Survey into account. 61 per cent of 6-11 year-olds regularly attend primary
school and only 35.6 per cent of children aged 36-59 months receive early
childhood education.
Regional
breakdowns of early education enrolment and school attendance rates give a
clearer view of the issue. The Northern part of the country has very troubling
school attendance rates with states like Bornu, Bauchi, Sokoto, Gombe, and
others with out-of-school rates that hovered between 48-60 per cent and early education
enrolment rates that were in the 3-7 per cent.
The
out-of-school rates in the regions outside the North were much better with
one-digit percentage figures being the norm but the poor early enrolment
figures give cause for concern because it suggests that the primary school
education process is not begun on time by most children in the country and it
gets worrying when we consider the actual quality of the primary education
being offered. Worryingly, the South-East had poor early enrolment rates that were
in the 6-12 per cent range with Anambra State having strikingly poor figures
with over 20 per cent being out of school partly due to the insecurity related
to the Indigenous People of Biafra situation while Ebonyi showed growth with a
20 per cent early enrolment rate that was the highest in the country.
The
out-of-school figures for female children in the core Northern regions were
very troubling because they showed that almost 60 per cent of girls in those
areas are out of school and are being deprived of the education that would
equip them with the tools required for optimal socioeconomic performance.
Hopefully, the insecurity and the cultural barriers that help keep the girl
child from education are soon dealt with.
The
socialisation role of primary school education deserves to be better
appreciated and enhanced significantly in Nigeria, especially in the troubled
zones where locals are indulging in antisocial and destructive behaviour that
exists partly because people were not adequately conditioned by an effective
socialisation process that would have been made available by a proper primary
school education system.
*Cheta Nwanze is a partner at SBM Intelligence
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