By Joe Okei Odumakin
Africa is sitting on a climate time-bomb. Across the continent, children and young people – including those not yet born – will suffer the financial, social and environmental costs of the climate crisis for decades, if not centuries to come.
One of the paradoxes of the climate crisis is that those who are primarily responsible for climate change are relatively better insulated from the impact, while those who have made the least contribution to the crisis suffering the most. Africa features at the top of the regions most affected by climate change, but it accounts for less than seven percent of total greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) and its emissions per capita are less than half the global average. Yet, Africa’s children bear the brunt.
Today’s rich countries reached the highest levels of material
welfare the world has ever seen – primarily by harnessing cheap energy from
fossil fuels, – but most of the negative consequences of this strategy have
fallen on the world’s poorest countries. Consequently, there have been repeated
calls for high-income countries to take responsibility for their carbon
footprints and provide the necessary financial and technical support to
low-income countries bearing the brunt of those footprints.
In 2009, in Copenhagen, wealthy nations made a pledge to commit
US$100 billion a year to less wealthy nations by 2020, to assist with climate
change adaptation and mitigation. Twelve years later, at COP26 in Glasgow,
African negotiators were calling for US$1.3 trillion per year by 2030. So far,
however, the annual sums mobilised have fallen far short of what is needed:
US$58.5 billion in 2016, US$71.1 billion in 2017, US$78.3 billion in 2018, and
US$79.6 billion in 2019.
Tackling
climate change cannot be left to western countries and governments alone. It is
important that African governments also take responsibility to be accountable
to the people affected, including children. They must develop comprehensive,
all-inclusive national adaptation plans (NAPs) and respect what they have
already agreed to contribute to adaptation and mitigation budgets. So far, only
13 countries in Africa have developed and published their NAPs, and very few of
them mention children. Only three African countries have funded measures to
address climate risks within their investment priorities.
For the most part, children are missing from
climate change discussions and deliberations – both in Africa and
globally. Children’s perspectives are not integrated into NAPs, hence the
continent lacking in child-centred adaptation plans. This is despite the fact
that climate change is primarily an issue of youth. The majority of Africans
are under the age of 18, and close to half a billion children in 35 sub-Saharan
countries are at risk from the worst impacts of climate change. Despite this,
African governments have given children and young people enough space to
influence the climate change agenda. That has to change.
The Ninth International Policy Conference (IPC)
which help in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia focused on climate change and child rights
in Africa. The conference aims, among other things, to underscore the gap in
accountability among global and national actors to children in the context of
the climate crisis.
As a civil society activist, Women Arise champions
the right of children to be heard and respected, and we strive to ensure the
meaningful inclusion of children and young people in discussions and decisions
about climate change.
We
urgently call upon Nigeria Government to put in place comprehensive adaptation
plans that take full account of the plight of children, and Women Arise for
Change commits itself to supporting the Government in that effort. We also call
upon the government to step up its financial investment and economic policies
to prevent and respond to the effects of climate change on its children and
young people. We also urge industrialised countries to take serious technical
and financial steps to support African countries’ efforts to mitigate the
impact of climate change, and to undertake adaption interventions. Finally, we
strongly encourage governments to use existing funds with efficacy and purpose.
For Africa and its children, the climate crisis
is both an existential threat and an obstacle to development. And as such, it
requires a concerted response from all stakeholders. As a civil society
organization, Women Arise for Change renews its commitment to advocate for
stronger climate mitigation and adaptation efforts, including public awareness
programmes and supporting children to have their voices heard.
The only way we, as Africans, can
redress the prevailing global climate injustice and the gap in government
accountability to children is if we act now. As we head towards COP27 in Egypt
in November, the voices of Africa’s children and young people must be heard,
listened to and acted upon.
*Dr. Odumakin is president, Women Arise.
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