By Dare Babarinsa
In Nigeria , we have fought a bloody
Civil War caused mainly by ethnic differences. In Zimbabwe , ethnic rivalries had
coloured the country’s history especially between the Shonas and the Ndebele. Rwanda was once
also killed because of ethnic violence. But Somali, because it is populated by
mainly the Somalis, is supposed to be free from ethnic tension.
But Somalia is also the workshop for
the devil. For more than 30 years now, the devil has been at work in that
country populated mainly by ethnic Somalis. Almost all the citizens are Muslims
of the Sunni sect. Yet there is no country in Africa that has consistently
worked against its interest like Somalia has done.
On Saturday October 14, a great bomb exploded in Mogadishu , capital of Somalia , killing almost 300 people.
No group has yet claimed responsibility but it is suspected to be the work of
El-Shabab, an Islamic militant group that is closely linked with the dreaded Al
Qaeda organisation. Last year, almost 1000 people were killed in different bomb
blast in Mogadishu
and other Somali towns. The bombers are mostly Islamic militants who are angry
with their own people. For these militants, nothing is sacred; not the mosque,
the market or even the schools. Every target is fair for them.
Somali is a living warning to
Africa and its rulers, especially for the rich and powerful countries of the continent
like Nigeria , Ethiopia , Sudan ,
South Africa
and the Democratic Republic of Congo. If a state dominated by one single ethnic
group, with a common heritage and history and adhering to one religion of could
implode as Somalia has done,
then the rulers of Africa need to be careful
about the apparatus of states entrusted into their hands. As of now, the
Somalis are not counting the dead of Mogadishu
anymore. They know sooner than later, another bomb would soon go off by the
anonymous angry bomber. Turkey
had sent some relief, but most of Africa has moved
on. For Africa, 300 dead is no big deal for a weekend in Mogadishu .
For most of its history, Somalia had
been in turmoil and in pain. By the time of the Scramble for Africa in the late
19th Century, the country came under the control of both Britain and Italy . It gained independence in
1960 and both British and Italian Somaliland became united as the Republic of Somalia . Trouble came early. On October
15, 1969, President Abdirashid Ali Shermarke was shot dead by one of his
bodyguards. He was buried on October 20, 1969. A day later, the
military struck in a coup d’état which toppled the new President Mukhtar
Muhammed Hussein.
The new man of power was General
Mohammed Siad Barre a barrel-chested soldier who tried to cultivate the old Soviet Union during the era of the Cold War. Barre tried
to create a different kind of country from the old ethnic confederation that
had created too much problem and bloodshed in the past. He set up what he
called the Supreme Revolutionary Council and imposed full military rule on the
country. He made Somali and Arabic the official languages and sought to
integrate his country with the Arab world. He took his country to join the Arab
League to strengthen Somalia
against neighbouring Ethiopia
which practises an ancient form of Christianity. He was ambitious and sought to
create what he called Greater Somaliland.
Barre could be regarded as the
source of Somali modern tragedy. He wanted to remain in power for life and
would not allow any open space for politics. His Somali Revolutionary Socialist
Party was the sole party and it would not allow any opposition. When he tried
to seize more territories from Ethiopia ,
his adventure ended in disaster. The international scene too did not favour
him. Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia
was toppled by young army officers in 1974 and they declared Ethiopia to be a republic and moved closer to
the Soviet Union . Selassie was a friend of the
United States .
With this, Barre also moved his country from the orbit of the Soviet
Union and moved to the Western orbit, though he still claimed to
be a socialist and would not permit multi-party democracy.
Corrupt, incompetent and
vindictive, Barre grew increasingly distant from reality as he grew older until
his people rose against him and civil war erupted. More than 100,000 people
died in the war during which Barre used every weapon, including airstrikes,
against his own people. He fled Mogadishu
in 1991 when his government collapsed. An attempt to regain power was foiled by
forces loyal to the new strongman, General Mohamed Farah Aidid. In May 1991,
Barre fled to Nigeria where
he died in Lagos
on January 2, 1995.
For the past 26 years when Barre
left Somalia ,
the country has been bleeding. Now it is lying prostrate. Nobody in Somalia talks
about education, health, power or building of roads and bridges. What is
important is how to restore Somalia
back to sanity. And there is no indication that it would return to sanity very
soon. The power of the patch-patch government that is in Mogadishu does not extend beyond the capital
and warlords and criminal elements still controls most of the country. Barre,
even from his grave, has succeeded in killing his country.
What does a leader need to do to
kill his country? First, he would substitute rulership for leadership. He will
love his clan and his in-laws and uncles and mistresses and coteries and
flatterers more than his country. He will put the security of his regime and
that of his country in the hands of little men of low competence and foggy
ideas about their assignments. He will believe that there must be only way to
solve a problem and no dissenting opinion will be tolerated or debated. He will
always be right among his courtiers. Siad Barre in the closing years of his
bloody regime appointed his son-in-law as his head of his security forces. That
son-in-law was responsible for the death of more than 50,000 Somalis.
We are lucky in Nigeria and our
state is still a growing concern. But there is a feeling that some people are
determined to kill our country by installments. These are the men who want to
copy the Somali warlords, continuously treat the state with contempt and wage
frontal wars against the organs and institutions created by the Constitution.
On Monday October 16, gunmen
invaded a refugee camp at Nkiedonwhro village, Bassa local government area of Plateau State , opened fire and killed 29 men,
women and children. This happened in the night when a contingent of the
Nigerian Armed Forces was standing guard. The victims were earlier driven out
of their villages in series of clashes with suspected herdsmen and other
marauders. The killings started on September 7 and the series of clashes have
left almost 50 persons dead. In response, Governor Simon Lalong, called for
help from the military and imposed a dusk to dawn curfew. Yet it was during the
curfew that the gun men came and slaughtered people in their sleep.
President Muhammadu Buhari has
rightly ordered security agencies to move in and stop the reprisal killings.
However, we want more than that. It is time the security agencies do their job
for which they are paid billions of naira ever year. Who are the people funding
this bushfire wars on the Plateau? Who provide money for the weapons? Where are
the gunmen trained? An automatic weapon is not one you buy at Shoprite. A poor
villager on the Plateau or an ordinary herdsman cannot just get control of a
Kalashnikov rifle. Some people are behind this persistent violence on the
Plateau State Government and the security agencies have a duty to find out.
If the state cannot safeguard life
and property, then its very essence is lost. Nigeria is too big, too important
and too vital for the destiny of the Black race to be left at the mercy of
marauders and power mongers. No one should be allowed to kill Nigeria . It is
true that Siad Barre died here. But he was not buried here for his body was
taken to Somalia .
We should not allow his ghost to torment us.
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