Nigeria: A Country Of Unequal Stakes

By Amanze Obi  

It is sometimes said in certain circles that the Yoruba is the only ethnic bloc, among the ma­jor ones in Nigeria, that has not called for the dismemberment of the country. Individual Yoruba may have, at various times, wished and called for a divided Nigeria. But the people as a group have never done so publicly. Rather, the Yoruba have been advocating for a regional ar­rangement that will whittle down the powers of the centre. This is a middle ground position.

However, you can hardly say the same thing of the other ethno-political blocs. Those who have a sense of history will readily recall that the North was the first to call for the dismem­berment of Nigeria. The bloody coups of Janu­ary and July 1966 ignited feelings of secession in most northerners. Even though the coun­ter coup of July 1966 and the pogroms that followed were supposed to calm the frayed nerves of the North, they did not. Rather, the region bayed for more blood. It was in that fit of bitterness that the idea of secession crept into their imagination. Consequently, the less restrained among them began to advocate for a divided Nigeria. It was in response to the pre­vailing mood in the North at the time that the Yakubu Gowon government, in August 1966, declared that the basis for one Nigeria no lon­ger existed. Even though the North later went to war to enforce the idea of one Nigeria, it is a historical fact that the region was the first to nurse and propagate secessionist sentiments in the country.

If the North was the author of a divided Nigeria, the East was its finisher. The coun­ter coup of 1966 and the pogroms had taken a heavy toll on the people of East. The situation was made worse by the fact that the people of the region had nobody to appeal to. The Feder­al Government led by Yakubu Gowon, a north­ern army officer, was complicit in the blood­letting. The situation, regrettably, drove the Eastern region into a precipice. That was how it came to declare its own republic. Strangely, however, the Gowon that had, a few months earlier, held that the basis for a united Nige­ria no longer existed was the one that took up arms against the secessionists. That was hy­pocrisy in action.

The war has since been lost and won but the Igbo, who were at the receiving end dur­ing the war years are still perceived, rightly or wrongly, as a group that is ever ready to quit the Nigerian setting once an opportunity pres­ents itself.

Given the fact that it is always the preroga­tive of the victor to rewrite history, events took an unexpected turn in post-Civil War Nigeria. The ruling military junta, which was dominated by the North gradually but steadily bastardised the country’s federal set-up. The principles of federalism were not only eroded, the country’s republican status was yoked to­gether with strange systems, which ended up corrupting the original idea. The result is that Nigeria, as we have it today, is neither a federa­tion nor a republic.

This incongruous set-up has been fueling agitations for either a divided or restructured Nigeria. While the North is holding tenacious­ly to the present order, apparently because it is benefitting unduly from the incongruity, the other blocs of Nigeria are differently per­suaded.

In eastern Nigeria, the more prevalent sen­timent is that of a divided Nigeria. The people of the region hold that the northern dominat­ed governments that have been holding sway in Nigeria have deliberately impoverished the East. A region that was once the fastest grow­ing economy in Africa has been rendered im­potent by stifling state policies. The people feel that the growth of the region has been stunted, deliberately. They believe that their potentials will be better realised and harnessed if they are allowed to take their destiny in their own hands. They believe that Nigeria in its pres­ent order cannot guarantee them that. A good majority of them want a new country where merit, industry and hard work will count.

In the South-west, the popular sentiment, as we earlier noted, is that of restructuring. Their idea of restructuring borders on regionalism. They want strong regions and a weak centre. They want an arrangement where the federat­ing units will be semi-autonomous. When that is the case, each region will take its destiny in its own hands. It will have its own economy by taking ownership of the natural resources that its fauna and flora can boast of. It is an arrange­ment where the regions will not look up to the centre for survival. If anything, the strength of the centre will depend on the health of the re­gions. They want a truly federal arrangement where the federating units do not exist at the mercy of the centre.

These are the various sentiments that reign and rule in multi-ethnic Nigeria. The effort to pigeonhole them has put Nigeria in a lurch. Regrettably, no Nigerian government has been bold enough to deal with the vexed issue. However, for those who want a restructured Nigeria, the Report of the 2014 National Con­ference instituted by the Goodluck Jonathan administration has all that is needed to put Ni­geria on the path of progress. Those who really appreciate the facts of Nigeria’s retrogression have always had cause to point at our skewed federal arrangement, as the major inhibiting factor. But the 2014 Conference sought to re­verse all that. It tried to introduce an arrange­ment where no part of Nigeria will feel claus­trophobic. It tried to free the system and the people from a lopsided arrangement where one group or region feeds fat at the expense of the others.

Such an unjust arrangement has been the bane of our federation. It is largely responsible for the pockets of agitations and upheavals in various parts of the country.

Unfortunately, the government of the day has decided to throw overboard the well thought out recommendations that emanated from the conference. The government does not appear to be interested in the populist di­mensions of the report. That is why it does not want to touch the report. It appears bent on operating the discredited system that has put Nigeria on edge.

Significantly, some elder statesmen who want Nigeria to survive have stepped out to be counted among the few patriots that the country can boast of. Prominent among them are the former vice president, Atiku Abubakar, and renowned constitutional lawyer, Prof. Ben Nwabueze. Both have dutifully called for the restructuring of the country. They did not just speak. They spoke from the position of some­one who knows the issues.

Unlike those who want to throw away the baby with the bath water, Atiku and Nwabueze have chosen to reflect on an approach that would work. They have taken a hard look at the system we operate and are convinced that we need to move away from where we are. Their verdict is that the country should be re­structured in a way that will give every ethnic nationality an equal stake.

Theirs is a clarion call for the survival of Nigeria. What is left is for the patriotic do-gooders, who have been holding Nigeria by the jugular to free the country from their vice grip. If they do not let go, Nigeria will continue to gasp for breath. And in no time, we will have nothing but pitiful reminiscences of a poten­tially great country that once was.

*Dr. Amanze Obi is a former Commissioner for Information, Imo State