By Chidi
Odinkalu
Nigeria’s response to the onset of murderous
mass violence has evolved through phases of co-optation, brutal reprisal,
appeasement, and state incapacity. The two options that have never quite been
attempted with conviction are effective accountability and civic inclusion.
Through phases of anti-terrorism, counter-terrorism and, now, interminable and
metastasizing counter-insurgencies, the country has found itself mired in
chronic mass violence as the only language of political dialogue. With many
reluctant to acknowledge how the country quite ended up in this denouement, it
is important to look back briefly in order to look forward.
Outlawry in post-colonial Nigeria has a long and tawdry history. Stephen Ellis, who spent a lifetime researching and analysing this in some detail, recounted in his final book, This Present Darkness: A History of Organised Crime in Nigeria, when the spike started: “Shortly before the civil war, when government broke down in some parts of the Western Region and there was a blurred line between political violence, crime, and organised insurgency.” Many would argue that Nigeria has been one long insurgency since then in what has been – on close inspection – a long war against the logical consequences of chronic leadership failure.